Governor for prime motors.



No. 852,779. PATENTED MAY 7, 1907. F. ELLIUOT I. GOVERNOR FOR PRIMEMOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 22.1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET l.

lvwauto'n f ralzc als Edie 'c 0 5 *1/91 in cases PATENTED MAY '7, 1907.F. ELLIGOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

B L uueutoz Witnesses No. 852,779. PATBNTED MAY 7, 1907. P. BLLIGOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22. 1906.

17 SHBETS-SHEET 3.

Smoeutoz No. 852,779. PATENTED MAY '7, 1907. F. BLLIOOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.1906.

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GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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-No. 852,779. PATENTED MAY 7, 1907 F. ELLIGOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, 1906.

17 SHEETSSHEET 7 Witnesses r M I V anoint PATENTED MAY '7, 1907. F.ELLIOOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.Z2.1906.

l7 SHEBTSSHBET 8.

npeul 'oz LUiifnesses Z i No. 852,779. PATENTED MAY 7, 190 7. F.ELLIGOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22. 1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

F. 'ELLICOTT. GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

PATENTBD MAY '7, 1907.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

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IF. BLLIOOTT.

' GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG.22. 1906.

- 17 SHEETS-SHEET 11. Y

17 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

anvnfoz fiwzcz'a Zfia'caiiattain ng PATENTED MAY '7, 1907.

F ELLIOOTT GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22.1906.

Q/vihmaaao PATENTED MAY '7, 1907. F. ELLIUOTT.

GUVERNOR FOR PR1 E MOTORS.

APPLIOATIOH FILBD AUG 211906.

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No. 852,779 PATENTED MAY 7, 1907.

F. BLLIGOTT.

GUVBRNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS,

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22. 1906.

' 17 SHEETS-SHEET 1Q Uvwcntoz flaacals 452460055 alumna:

tn zoom v wihwooeo No. 852,779. PATENTED MAY 7, 1907. F. ELIJIGOTT.

GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1906.

17 SHEETS-$151313! 15.

No. 852,779 PATENTED MAY '7, 1907.

P. BLLIOOT-T. GOVERNOR FOR PRIME MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, 1906.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 16.

. QQo N O \Qm {M KN Q %%N x? U PATENTED MAY '7, 1907. P. ELLICOTT.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 17,.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.22. 1906.

GOVERNOR. FOR PRIME MOTORS.

lmaaufoz Guam UNITED sTArns PATENT orrion.

manners ELLICOTT, or BALTIMORE COUNTY, MARYLAND.

' GQVERNOR FOR PRIME IWQTOPS.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented May 7,1907.

Continuation of application Serial No. 112,058, filed June 17, 1902.This application filed August 22, 1906. Serial Naif-331,669.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS ELLrooTT, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and a resident of Baltimore co unty and State of Maryland, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Governors for PrimeMotors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a governing device for the government andcontrol of a turbine water wheel, but the principles involved may beapplied to the government of any form of prime motor.

The apparatus which will be described in this case is designed to beoperated by water under pressure, but it is to be understood that it maybe operated by any other fluid.

My governor'herein described is capable, of adjustment so as to meet allvarying conditions in whatever form they may a car, so as to produceunder any condition oiibad,

head or plant, the most perfect regulation and constant speed.

In the apparatus described in the United States patents numbers 664,392and 664,394 heretofore issued to me; a governing mechanism is describedfor controlling a turbine water wheel in which the governing mechan-'ism is maintained in a state of balance' between active opposingpressures, and is moved 1n one direction or the other by reducing thepressure on one side or the other of the goyerning device, so as tocause it move in the direction of leastresistance. In

the present application and'in co-pending ap-'- plication No. 331,670 ameehanismls described which employs with the addition that the parts aremain- [made toflcorrespond tained in a state of constant oscillationmore or less in accord with the normal wave in the pen-stock, and theovernment is accomplished by reducing t e pressure on one side or theother of the governing mechanism,z.so as to augment the oscillationinthe direction in which-it is desired that the governing;

mechanism. shall 'move. The amplitude act the oscillation is always/thesame, but..f-the path of the oscillation changes 'with a change of load,and produces a correspondingchange parts of the, governlng mechanisrn inone dia'rtificially imposed the same principle, I

e-vibration of the over-mug mec anism is maintained artificia y, and isv as far as possible with. the ;wave in the pen-stock, with the resultthat when it becomes necessary to move the motion will assist thestarting of the parts in the direction in which it is desired theyjshallmove. It is true that the impulse to move in one direction forthe'purpose of governing might come at the instant at which theoscillation of the parts was carrying them in the opposite direction,but the period of oscillation is so short that. with the return of thepart, due to its artificial oscillation it will be moved quickly andeasily in the, desired direction under the influence of the two forces,its artificial oscillation and the forces operating to govern. v

. In the operation of government, the ideal performance consists in amotion ofthe gate either opening or closing to a point which will bringthe wheel, under existing conditions of load, exactly to s' eed. Afiuctua- I tionioi the load always ta es place'prior to the motion ofthe gate and before the condi ditions affecting the runner can bealtered.

When the gate is opened or closed, the exist-- ing inertia or momentumof the moving parts can not be overcomein-anmstant, 'anda cen.

tain interval of time will always exist during which an increasedquantity of water must build up the speed of thewheelf-to equal theload, or a decreased supply. of water will ermit the load to drag downthetsfpeed unti reduced-to the normal speed." sually, therefore, ithas-been necessary in'anattemptat government to provide; an apparatuswhich would over govern,f-that is to say, whensa ldadwas thrownonto-awheel to open the,

= 'ate Wider (than would be necessary to equalvize the added load,inorder to accelerate the 'building up aliy olose fihegate when thespeed hasbeen of'thespeed, and then to gradubuilt up so mal, and in thereverse,

as to bring the speed hack to norwhen a load was taken oii of the wheelto close down the gate to a point below that necessary to equalize.

the existing load, allow the load quickly to draw down the speed of thewheel and then ate again to bring the speed back 4 tonerma Thisoperation of-government,

en e whilehlisually necessary, involves an oscillation betweenjextremeswhich requires a considerablevinterval ofv time to bring the governorto-a state of rest, and .the wheel to exact'speed fif' TIE Same casesthis oscillation is undersirable, andforsuch cases I have provided amechanism by which the gate is caused to move in steps toward theposition which under any givencondition or load will produce normalspeed, the length of the steps being dependent upon the fluctuations ofthe load, and the steps growing shorter and shorter as'the speedapproaches" normal.

' When a change of speed occurs, making it necessary to open or closethe gate, I move it a eertain distance in, the desired direction, wh chI call a step, and check it there, al-- thdugh its motion is not whollystoppled, al

maximum effectiveness is not sufficient to bring the wheel to speed, thegate is moved again another step, this time shorter than the last one,and it is checked again'for a period of time long enough to permit thewater'to reach its maximum effectiveness upon the runner at that gate Ifthis position is not sufficient to bring the wheelto speed, the gate ismoved another step, still shorter, and so on ste by stepQeac-h stepbeing shorter than the ast, until the gate is broughtto the exactposition which will produce exact I speed. r 1 It is not necessary in mygovernor that the -wheel-should be kept off of speed in orderythat itmay be able to start to governfor changes of load Many governorsheretofore constructed require that the wheel shall be kept some whatofi' speed in order that they may be in position to begin the operationof government. My apparatus is so constructed. that the wheel must comeabsolutelyto speed, and

must do so; not by over government;.but the gate must move with aositivemotion upto the. speed line, and tiere remain until a change ofload occurs. Greatand rapid fluctuations of load require great and rapidfluctuations of ,gate,--small fluctuations of load require'small andslow fluctuations of gate. My governor is-designed to produce thisresult, to move thegate rapidly and a great' distance for largefluctuations of load, and

slowly and a short distance tions of load My invention further consistsin a device by which two wheels running in parallel and operatingelectric generators may be caused to operate together and equally dividethe load cast upon them. Wherr two or more unitsare running in paralleloperating generators feeding the same plant, the one which yields mostreadily to power applied to it .will

for slight fluctuarnove first and faster under usual conditions. .55

employed for governing. No two wheels can bemade' so exactly ali e thatthe amount of power necessary'to move the gates and con.- trol thewheels, will not differ, and often differ considerably. If, therefore, auniform amount of power be ap lied to two such wheels. the gate of onewill move farther-andfaster than the ate of the other, and the load willnot be equa lydistributed between them. The one which moves vmostreadily will be opened faster and closed fastenthan the shown in Fig. 7,through the line a a. 9 is a detail showing in perspective the leversand connections by which the main valve isv other one, and will-do thelargest share of work;'the one moving slowly will do less than itsproper share. It is desirable that theymove together, and that both, orany number of wheels which may be running in parallel, should be causedto carry an equal, pro ortion. of the load. This I have accomplis led bythe apparatusherein-described. 3 I

. In the drawings the same numerals represent the same parts in allfigures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection of a wheel pit, showing apair of'wheels in full elevation mounted therein, each operated witha'governor mechanism quite independent of the other, and yet arranged torun synchronously with each other. Fig. 2 is a ver-. tical transversesection of the wheel pit, showmg one of the wheels and governors in fullelevation. Fig. is a plan'of the'wheel pit and wheels, showing theconnection of the wheels with 1 .two independent generators which. areoperating the same line, and which are arranged to step together.

Fig. 4 is a full .elevation of the governor head and its connectedlevers and rods by which the main,.

exhaust, and relief valves of the governor'are controlled. Fig. '5 is apart vertical transverse section, part full elevation of the governorhead and its levers. ig. 6 is a full elevation of a detail of thegovernor head, showing the device by which the governing mechanism isoscillated, and other connections.

Fig. 7 is a detail and full elevation of a part of the governor head,showing the device by means of which the main valve is closed independently of the governor head. Fig. 8 is a vertical transverse sectionof the structure operated to open under the influence of the head and toclose independently of that inthe eccentric bywhich the main.valve isFig.

vfluence. Fig. 10 is a detail of construction of' oscillated. Fig. 11 isa detail of the con- 11o struc-tion by which the main valve is closedindependently of the governor head. Fig.

12 is a detail 'of the crank by which the main valve is oscillated. Fig.13 is a vertical transverse section of the' stand carrying the governorhead,- showing some of the levers and rods and bell cranks, by which themain, relief, and. exhaust valves are operated. ,Fig 14 is an isolateddetailed view in perspective of some of the levers, bell cranks, rods.and

shafts by which the'm'ain, reliefand exhaust valves are operated,as-well as the link which controls the exhaust valve, and by Wl'llt'jhdttransverse section of a cushioned cylinder interposed in the connectionsto the exhaust [is connected to the gate Fig. 15 is a'vertical valve bywhich the exhaust valve is moved independentlyof its actuatingmechanism.

Fig. 16 is a vertical frontelevation of the cam by which the motion of.the gate isredueed and communicated to the exhaust valye. Fig. 17 is anisolated detail view of the lever and rod connections by means of whichthe relief valve is operated. Fig. 18 is an isolated detail view of thelever and rod connections by which the exhaust valve is operated.

Fig. 19 is an isolated detail view of the lever and rod connections bywhich the main valve is operated. Fig. is a vertical transverse sectionof the cam shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 21 is a vertical transverse section ofa turbine water wheel, having a governor cylinder ticaltransverse-sections.

-mounted on top of its casing,. and a piston connected'to its gate, withconnections by which the governor is controlled. Fig. 22 is a verticaltransverse section of the valve chest, containing the main valve, theexhaust one diagram showing the positions of the valve when oscillatedan equal distance on one side of the port than on the other.

each side of the port, and. the other the position when oscillating agreater distance on Fig.

.is a horizontal transverse section through her. and passing out throughthe top of t der. 13 is a valve chest for a valve which the lineAA ofFig. 22; Fig. 26-is a hori zontal transverse section through the line6-4) of Fig. 22. Fig. 27 is a perspective view of the'bushing which issecured to the interior of the main valve chest and within which themain valve reciprocates, and on the outside of which the exhaust ismounted.

,Figs. 28,29, 30, 31, 32,33, 34, 35, 36 and 37 are diagrammatic viewsshowing the relative position of a'hypothetical apparatus and intendedto illustrate the mode by which the wheels running in parallel arecaused to equally divide the load.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, 1 is a wheel pit-across which there is awater tight floor 2, upon which rest two turbine water wheels, onenumbered 3, and the other numbered 4. On the tops of the.wheel casingsare mounted cylinders 5 upon 3'and 6 upon 4. The wheels and cylindersare shown in an enlarged view, in vertical section, in Fig. 21. 6 is acylindrical gate, rising to openand lowering to close, to the upper edgeof which, within the cylinder 5 ,is secured a-piston 7. The piston 7 isperforated and surrounds and slides u on a sleeve 8, within which is therunner sha t 9. 10'isfa runner secured to the lower end of the shaft 9,and 1111 arebuckets-of the run- 12 is a rod connectedto the iston 7,

he cylincontrols the admission and outflow of pressure to and from thecylinder 5. 14 is, a port exhausting pressure from the valve chest 13'above the piston 7. 5 is a port exhausting ressure from 'fthe valvechest 13 to 'a point I move up or down-as the case may be.- As it .elowthe piston 7.

1n the construction shown in Fig. 21, the

port 15. It is not necessary nor desirable that the piston 7 should bepacked tightly in the cylinder 5; on the contrary it is better that itshould have some play, and that there should be a considerable'flow ofwater through and around the piston 7 within the cylinder. 17 is theexhaust port from the valve chest. 18 is a main valve stem. 19 is theexhaust valve stern. 20 is the relief valve stem. 21 is the relief valveby-pass connected at one end to the relief valve chamber in the top ofthe valve chest, and at the other end with the exhaust 17.

Turning again to Fig. 1, 22 is a general structure called heiein theovernor head, and its connecting levers, lin irs and rods by whichmotion is communicated to the main,

piston 7 is perforated at 16, and through that perforation passesthepipe connected to the exhaust, and relief valves, and by which thegovernor head receives adjustment from the gate. The rod 12 is connectedas shown to the governor head and communicates the motion of the pistonand the gate to the gov- The rod 18 is connecte to the main valveandthrough various levers to the governor head; the rod 19 to theexhaust valve and through various levers to the governor head; and therod 20 to the relief valve and through various levers to the governorhead. The

ernor head for the pur ose of adjustment. v

wheel 46'in Fig. 1 is identical in its details 7 of construction withthe wheel 3-5. valve chests and their connections are identical, thevalves and their rods and the con-. nections are identical and thegovernor heads are identical, and they are entirely independent exceptso far as they are electrically bound to one another, from the fact thatthey each operate electric generators which neces- The and anotherpulley 27 belted to the counter.

shaft28 through which the governor head is driven by means of a belt 29running on suit able pulleys. 30 is'a strainer on the end of thepressure pipe 31 bywhich pressureis admittedto the valve'chest 13ofwheel 35.

32 is a similar'strainer connected to pressure pipe 33 by which pressureis admittedto the- 'valvechest of wheel 46 which is identical with thevalve-chest 13.

By reference to Figs. 1 and Y21, it will be seen that pressure.isconstantly maintained upon the inlet 31,'and from the valve chest 13,according to the positionof the main valve, passed into thecylinder 5,either above or below the piston 7, causing'that piston to

